Discussion

Meiosis is the specialized cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the normal chromosome number. This ensures that fertilization restores the correct diploid number in the next generation.
The process includes two sequential divisions — Meiosis I and Meiosis II — each with distinct phases of meiosis.
In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material (crossing over), align randomly, and then separate — this is where most genetic variation is created.
Meiosis II resembles mitosis: sister chromatids separate, resulting in four unique haploid cells.
These mechanisms are the foundation of sexual reproduction and evolution.